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Zara's leaving Venezuela

Llevaba en el país casi el mismo tiempo que el chavismo gobernando, y después de 22 años, finalmente las tiendas de Inditex en Venezuela han cerrado sus puertas. Esta semana, los cinco locales que aún quedaban operando en Caracas de Zara han bajado las persianas y ocultado los logos de sus fachadas. Lo mismo ha ocurrido con seis de Bershka y cuatro de Pull&Bear.

The group founded by Amancio Ortega had ordered his presence in Venezuela to end and Zara's premises would finish the remaining pieces on the shelves, as well as furnishings, windows and even mannequins, according to the local magazine "Producto", citing corporate sources. Until now, the stores showed collections that had already expired, little variety and a great decrease in their operations.

Zara se va de una Venezuela, en la que tuvo hasta que cambiar su modelo corporativo para poder sobrevivir. Comenzó sus operaciones casi con el cambio de siglo y en una Venezuela que auguraba infinitas oportunidades comerciales. El grupo llegó a tener 22 establecimientos distribuidos en Caracas, Valencia y Margarita: ocho de Zara, cinco de Pull&Bear y nueve de Bershka. Pero bajo el régimen chavista, el capital siempre está bajo sospecha. En 2004, Hugo Chávez acusó a la empresa de fraude fiscal, aunque no hubo acciones posteriores. En 2007, las presiones condujeron a que la compañía cambiara su modelo de negocio y entregara las tres marcas en franquicias corporativas de la firma Phoenix World Trade, cuyo único socio local es el empresario venezolano-libanés Camilo Ibrahim, también propietario de la cuestionada aerolíneas Plus Ultra.

Controlled prices

But relations with the regime did not improve. In 2013, the Integrated National Customs and Tax Administration Service (Seniat) forced Zara to pay a fine of $85,000 for raising its prices following the devaluation of the Bolívar. Thus, they faced the currency crisis that ended the strength of the local currency, hyperinflation and even difficulties in obtaining imports, due to large fines and bureaucratic complexities. Little by little, the shops lost the brightness that once characterized them, and ended up becoming even an example of Nicolás Maduro's "iron fist" when he ended up finishing up pieces with militarized premises and controlled prices.

Zara se va de Venezuela

The difficulties did not abate despite the influence of Camilo Ibrahim, who in Venezuela has earned several recent prosperous businesses and has even managed to establish several of them on state-owned sites thanks to exclusive concessions from the Maduro regime.

Por ahora, los empleados de Zara, Bershka y Pull&Bear en Venezuela no han sido despedidos. Según algunos de ellos, continuarán a la orden de Phoenix World Trade, que planea inaugurar en los mismos espacios nuevas tiendas que mostrarán nuevos nombres. Lola, Anakena y Push&Co sustituirán, respectivamente, las marquesinas de las tiendas. Servirán para seguir vendiendo mercancía rezagada y cambiar el perfil de la oferta, como ya lo hace el mismo grupo empresarial que hace algunos años inauguró la cadena de tiendas Balú, que se nutre de importaciones de H&M y algunas otras provenientes de China, y ya se había instalado en tiendas que antes eran ocupadas por Zara.

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